- TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
- UDP - User Datagram Protocol
- SCTP - Stream Control Transmission Protocol
TCP and UDP are popular protocols used for client/server applications. SCTP is a newer protocol, originally designed for transport of telephony signalling across Internet. To access the IP protocols (belonging to network layer) - IPv4 or IPv6, either we can use the transport layer protocols, or we can access them directly by a technique called raw sockets, although it is not popular.
tcpdump - Application that communicates directly with data link layer using either BSD packet filter (BPF) or datalink provider interface (DLPI).
Protocols
- IPv4 - Internet Protocol version 4. Main protocol of the network layer. 32 bit addressing.
- IPv6 - Internet Protocol version 6. Improves over IPv4. 128 bit addressing.
- TCP - Transmission Control Protocol. Connection-oriented, reliable, full duplex mode, stream communication.
- UDP - User Datagram Protocol. Connection-less, unreliable, fast delivery.
- SCTP - Stream Control Transmission Protocol. Connection-oriented, reliable, full duplex association. SCTP is multihomed involving a set of IP addresses and a single port for each side of association. Provides message service. Can use IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously on same association.
- ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol. Error and control information handling between routers and hosts.
- IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol. Used with multicasting.
- ARP - Address Resolution Protocol. Maps logical to physical address.
- RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. Maps physical to logical address.
- ICMPv6 - Internet Control Message Protocol version 6. Combines ICMPv4, IGMP, ARP.
- BPF - BSD Packet Filter. An interface to access datalink layer. Used with BSD kernels.
- DLPI - Datalink Provider Interface. Interface to access datalink layer. Used with SVR4.
Protocols are defined by specification documents called RFC - Request for Comments.
Saturday, 24 September 2016
